14 IEC 60870-5-10X

14.1 Introduction

IEC 60870 part 5 is one of the IEC 60870 set of standards which define systems used for telecontrol (supervisory control and data acquisition) in electrical engineering and power system automation applications. Part 5 provides a communication profile for sending basic telecontrol messages between two systems, which uses permanent directly connected data circuits between the systems. The IEC Technical Committee 57 (Working Group 03) has developed a protocol standard for telecontrol, teleprotection, and associated telecommunications for electric power systems. The result of this work is IEC 60870-5. Five documents specify the base IEC 60870-5:

The IEC Technical Committee 57 has also generated companion standards:

IEC 60870-5-101/102/103/104 are companion standards generated for basic telecontrol tasks, transmission of integrated totals, data exchange from protection equipment & network access of IEC101 respectively.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC_60870-5

14.2 IEC 60870-5-101 Master

The IEC 60870-­5-­101 protocol is a companion standard for power system monitoring, control associated communications for telecontrol, teleprotection, and associated telecommunications for electric power systems. Standard IEC 60870-­5­-101 was prepared by IEC technical committee 57 (Power system control and associated communications).

Standard IEC 60870-­5-­101 defines an Application Service Data Unit (ASDU Figure below). In ASDU there is an ASDU identifier(with the type of ASDU in it) and information objects.image-1638258623652.png

IEC 60870­-5-­101 ASDU structure

Common Address of ASDU Defines the stations' address and can be configured in Devices asdu_address field for source and Signals common_address field for the destination.

Information Object Address Used as destination object address in the control direction and as source object address in monitor direction can be configured in Signals info_address field.

Standard IEC 60870­-5­-101 transmission frames are separated into 3 different types: frame with variable length, frame with fixed length, and single control characters

image-1638259001158.png

IEC 60870­-5-­101 ASDU structure

Control field provides information about the message direction, type of service, and checksum.

Address field specifies the link address which points to the message's destination. WCC Lite supports IEC 60870-­5-­101 Master protocol over a serial link (according to EIA RS­485). Its full functionality list can be found in an IEC 60870­-5-­101 PID Interoperability List which can be downloaded separately from this user manual.

Configuring datapoints (master)

To use IEC 60870-­5-­101 Master in WCC Lite, it has to be configured via an Excel configuration. This configuration contains two Excel sheets where parameters have to be filled in ­Devices and Signals.

IEC 60870-­5-­101 master parameters for Devices tab
Parameter

Type

Description

Required

Default value

(when not specified)

Range

Min

Max

name

string

User-friendly name for a device

Yes


description

string

Description of a device

No


device_alias

string

Alphanumeric string to identify a device

Yes


enable boolean

Enabling/disabling of a device

No 1 0 1
protocol string

Protocol to be used

Yes
IEC 60870­-5-101 master
device

string

Communication port

Yes


PORT1

PORT2

baudrate integer

Communication speed, baud/s

No

9600

300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200

databits integer

Data bit count for communication

No

8

6

9

stopbits integer

Stop bit count for communication

No

1

1

2

parity

string

Communication parity option

No

none

none, even, odd


flowcontrol

string


No

none

none


link_address integer Destination address when in transmit and source address when broadcasting Yes
0 65535
link_size integer Link address size in bytes No 1 1 2
asdu_address integer Application Service Data Unit address Yes
0 65535
asdu_size integer Common address size in bytes No 1 1 3
ioa_size integer Information object address (IOA) size in bytes No 2 1 3
cot_size integer Cause of transmission (COT) size in bytes No 1 1 2
time_sync_interval_sec integer Defines how often (in seconds) slave will
request time synchronization. If greater than 0 ­slave will request synchronizations, will reset the timer if the master did it earlier. If 0 slave won’t request timesyncs, but will allow them. If ­1 ­ timesyncs are not supported ­ requests will be dropped.
No 60

gi_interval_sec integer Time frame between General Interrogation requests in seconds, if 0 requests are disabled No 300



scan_rate_ms integer

Polling interval in milliseconds. Time frame between two telegrams from master

No 100

timeout_ms integer

Response timeout in milliseconds

No

1000



retry_count integer

Number of retries of failed requests before announcing that device is in Error state

No 1

IEC 60870­-5-­101 master parameters for Signals tab
Parameter

Type

Description

Required

Default value

(when not specified)

Range

Min

Max

signal_name

string

User-friendly signal name

Yes


device_alias

string

Alphanumeric string to identify a device

Yes


signal_alias

string

Unique alphanumeric name of the signal to be Yes used

Yes


source_device_alias

string

device_alias of a source device

For commands


source_signal_alias

string

signal_alias of a source signal

For
commands



enable boolean

Enabling/disabling of an individual signal

No 1 0 1

log

integer

Allow signal to be logged. If log is 0 signal will not be logged. If log is more than 0 signal will be logged

No 0

gi boolean Including/excluding (1 or 0) signal from General Interrogation No 0 0 1
common_address integer Address of a destination device Yes


info_address integer Information object address Yes


data_type integer ASDU type identificator Yes


IEC 60870-­5-­101 has an additional signal which can be configured to show communication status. It is used to indicate if the slave device has disconnected from master (WCC Lite). To configure such signal, two columns should be filled with particular values. To a newly created additional signal one should make job_todo equal to device_status and tag_job_todo equal to communication_status.

Debugging a IEC 60870-­5­-101 Master application

If configuration for IEC 60870-­5-­101 devices is set up, handler for protocol will start automatically. If the configuration is missing or contains errors, protocol will not start. It is done intentionally decrease unnecessary memory usage.

If IEC 60870-­5-­101 does not work properly (e.g. no communication between devices, data is corrupted, etc.), a user can launch a debug session from command line interface and find out why link is not functioning properly. To launch a debugging session, a user should stop iec101­-master process and run iec101-­master command with respective flags as shown in the table below.

Procedure for IEC 60870-­5-­101 master service debugging:

IEC 60870-­5­-101 command line debugging options
-h [ –help ] Display help information 
-V [ –version ] Show version
-d<debug level> Set debugging level 
-c [ –config ] Config path
-r [ –raw ] Show raw telegram data
-f [ –frame ] Show frame data
-R [ –readyfile ] Ready notification file

14.3 IEC 60870-5-101 Slave

Configuring datapoints (slave)

To use IEC 60870­-5­-101 Slave in WCC Lite, it has to be configured via an Excel configuration. This configuration contains two Excel sheets where parameters have to be filled in ­Devices and Signals.

IEC 60870-­5-­101 slave parameters for Devices tab
Parameter

Type

Description

Required

Default value

(when not specified)

Range

Min

Max

name

string

User-friendly name for a device

Yes


description

string

Description of a device

No


device_alias

string

Alphanumeric string to identify a device

Yes


enable boolean

Enabling/disabling of a device

No 1 0 1
protocol string

Protocol to be used

Yes
IEC 60870­-5-101 slave
device

string

Communication port

Yes


PORT1

PORT2

baudrate integer

Communication speed, baud/s

No

9600

300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200

databits integer

Data bit count for communication

No

8

6

9

stopbits integer

Stop bit count for communication

No

1

1

2

parity

string

Communication parity option

No

none

none, even, odd

flowcontrol

string

Number of requests, before link is considered lost (device status signals are changed) and reconnect attempt will be issued

No

none

none


link_address integer Destination address when in transmit and source address when broadcasting Yes
0 65535
link_size integer Link address size in bytes No 1 1 2
asdu_size integer Common address size in bytes No 1 1 3
ioa_size integer Information object address (IOA) size in bytes No 2 1 3
cot_size integer Cause of transmission (COT) size in bytes No 1 1 2
time_sync boolean Allow time synchronization, 1 to enable and 0 to disable No 0 0 1
message_size integer Maximum length of a message Yes
0 255
cache_size integer Maximum number of events to store in a buffer No 100 0 1000
respond_delay integer Time in microseconds to wait before sending responses Yes
0 1000000
single_byte_ack boolean Use single character acknowledge, 1 to enable and 0 to disable

No

0 0 1
keep_alive_timeout integer Time interval in seconds before serial
connection is considered offline

No

60

keep_alive_timeout timer is used for connection tracker to display protocol status. This parameter has no effect on protocol functionality and is only used to track it’s status in connection tracker.

IEC 60870­-5-­101 slave parameters for Signals tab
Parameter

Type

Description

Required

Default value

(when not specified)

Range

Min

Max

signal_name

string

User-friendly signal name

Yes


device_alias

string

Alphanumeric string to identify a device

Yes


signal_alias

string

Unique alphanumeric name of the signal to be Yes used

Yes


source_device_alias

string

device_alias of a source device

For commands


source_signal_alias

string

signal_alias of a source signal

For
commands



enable boolean

Enabling/disabling of an individual signal

No 1 0 1

log

integer

Allow signal to be logged. If log is 0 signal will not be logged. If log is more than 0 signal will be logged

No 0

gi boolean Including/excluding (1 or 0) signal from General Interrogation No 0 0 1
common_address integer Address of a destination device Yes


info_address integer Information object address Yes


data_type integer ASDU type identificator Yes


IEC 60870­5­101 has an additional signal which can be configured to show communication status. It is used to indicate if the slave device has disconnected from the master (WCC Lite). To configure such a signal, two columns should be filled with particular values. To a newly created additional signal, one should make job_todo equal to device_status and tag_job_todo equal to communication_status.

Debugging an IEC 60870-­5­-101 slave application

If the configuration for IEC 60870-­5-­101 devices is set up, the handler for the protocol will start automatically. If the configuration is missing or contains errors, the protocol will not start. It is done intentionally to decrease unnecessary memory usage.

If IEC 60870-­5-­101 does not work properly (e.g. no communication between devices, data is corrupted, etc.), a user can launch a debug session from the command-line interface and find out why the link is not functioning properly. To launch a debugging session, a user should stop the iec101­-slave process and run the iec101-­slave command with respective flags as shown in the table below.

Procedure for IEC 60870-­5-­101 slave service debugging:

IEC 60870-­5­-101 command line debugging options
-h [ –help ] Display help information 
-V [ –version ] Show version
-d<debug level> Set debugging level 
-c [ –config ] Config path
-r [ –raw ] Show raw telegram data
-f [ –frame ] Show frame data
-R [ –readyfile ] Ready notification file

14.4 IEC 60870-5-103 Master

The IEC 60870-5-103 protocol is a companion standard for the informative interface of protection equipment. Standard IEC 60870-5-103 was prepared by IEC technical committee 57 (Power system control and associated communications). It is a companion standard for the basic standards in series IEC 60870-5:

Standard IEC 60870-5-103 defines communication between protection equipment and devices of a control system (supervisor or RTU) in a substation.

Standard IEC 60870-5-103 defines a multipoint communication protocol via which information can be exchanged between a control system (supervisor or RTU) and one or more protection devices. The control system is the master and the protection devices are the slaves. Each slave is identified by a unique address between 1 and 254. Address 255 is reserved for broadcast frames.

IEC 60870-5-103 Master

Configuring datapoints

WCC Lite supports IEC 60870-5-103 Master protocol over a serial link (according to EIA RS-485). Its full functionality list can be found in an IEC 60870-5-103 PID Interoperability List.

To use IEC 60870-5-103 Master in WCC Lite, it has to be configured via an Excel configuration. This configuration contains two Excel sheets where parameters have to be filled in - Devices and Signals.

IEC 60870-­5-­103 parameters for Devices tab
Parameter

Type

Description

Required

Default value

(when not specified)

Range

Min

Max

name

string

User-friendly name for a device

Yes


description

string

Description of a device

No


device_alias

string

Alphanumeric string to identify a device

Yes


enable boolean

Enabling/disabling of a device

No 1 0 1
protocol string

Protocol to be used

Yes
IEC 60870­-5-103 master
device

string

Communication port

Yes


PORT1

PORT2

baudrate integer

Communication speed, baud/s

No

9600

600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200

databits integer

Data bit count for communication

No

8

8

stopbits integer

Stop bit count for communication

No

1

1

2

parity

string

Communication parity option

No

none

none, even, odd

flowcontrol

string

Number of requests, before link is considered lost (device status signals are changed) and reconnect attempt will be issued

No

none

none


link_address integer Destination address when in transmit and source address when broadcasting Yes
0 255
asdu_address integer Application Service Data Unit address Yes
 0 255
time_sync_interval_sec integer Time frame between Time Synchronization
requests in seconds
No 60

gi_interval_sec integer Time frame between General Interrogation requests in seconds, if 0 requests are disabled No 300



scan_rate_ms integer

Polling interval in milliseconds. Time frame between two telegrams from master

No 100

timeout_ms integer

Response timeout in milliseconds

No

1000



serial_delay integer Communication device’s serial delay in milliseconds. Time frame in which master station is not TX’ing after last RX byte No 50

retry_count integer

Number of retries of failed requests before announcing that device is in Error state

No 3

retry_delay_ms integer Time before the next retry in milliseconds No 500

IEC 60870­-5-­103 master parameters for Signals tab
Parameter

Type

Description

Required

Default value

(when not specified)

Range

Min

Max

signal_name

string

User-friendly signal name

Yes


device_alias

string

Alphanumeric string to identify a device

Yes


signal_alias

string

Unique alphanumeric name of the signal to be Yes used

Yes


source_device_alias

string

device_alias of a source device

For commands


source_signal_alias

string

signal_alias of a source signal

For
commands



enable boolean

Enabling/disabling of an individual signal

No 1 0 1

log

integer

Allow signal to be logged. If log is 0 signal will not be logged. If log is more than 0 signal will be logged

No 0

gi boolean Including/excluding (1 or 0) signal from General Interrogation No 0 0 1
common_address integer Address of a destination device Yes


function integer Function number No 0

info_address integer Information object address Yes


info_number integer Information number Yes


data_type integer ASDU type identificator No 0

fleeting boolean Mark signal as fleeting type (1 or 0). Fleeting signals have go to DPI::OFF after defined time No
0 1
normalise_time_ms integer Time in milliseconds between station receiving DPI::ON and automatically switching to DPI::OFF If fleeting is used  100

IEC 60870-5-103 has an additional signal which can be configured to show communication status. It is used to indicate if the slave device has disconnected from the master (WCC Lite). To configure such a signal, two columns should be filled with particular values. To a newly created additional signal, one should make job_todo equal to device_status and tag_job_todo equal to communication_status.

Debugging an IEC 60870-5-103 Master application

If the configuration for IEC 60870-5-103 devices is set up, the handler for the protocol will start automatically. If a configuration is missing or contains errors, the protocol will not start. It is done intentionally to decrease unnecessary memory usage.

If IEC 60870-5-103 does not work properly (e.g. no communication between devices, data is corrupted, etc.), a user can launch a debug session from the command-line interface and find out why the link is not functioning properly or use WCC Utility to do that.

To launch a debugging session, a user should stop the iec103-master process and run the iec103-master command with respective flags.

IEC 60870-­5­-103 command line debugging options
-h [ –help ] Display help information 
-V [ –version ] Show version
-d<debug level> Set debugging level 
-c [ –config ] Config path
-r [ –raw ] Show raw telegram data
-f [ –frame ] Show frame data
-R [ –readyfile ] Ready notification file

14.5 IEC 60870-5-104 Master

IEC 60870-5-104 protocol (in short IEC 104) is a part of IEC Telecontrol Equipment and Systems Standard IEC 60870-5 that provides a communication profile for sending basic telecontrol messages between two systems in electrical engineering and power system automation. Telecontrol means transmitting supervisory data and data acquisition requests for controlling power transmission grids.

IEC 104 provides network access to IEC 60870-5-101 (in short IEC 101) using standard transport profiles. In simple terms, it delivers IEC 101 messages as application data (L7) over TCP, usually port 2404. IEC 104 enables the communication between the control station and a substation via a standard TCP/IP network. The communication is based on the client-server model.

To set up TLS connection for both IEC104 Master and Slave, refer to sections Excel configuration and Certificates. All keys and certificates should be provided in the PEM format.

If no configuration is set up, IEC104 Master and Slave services are not started.

Configuring IEC 104 Master datapoints

To use IEC 60870-­5-­104 Master in WCC Lite, it has to be configured via an Excel configuration. This configuration contains two Excel sheets where parameters have to be filled in ­ Devices and Signals.

IEC 60870­-5-­104 Master parameters for Devices tab
Parameter

Type

Description

Required

Default value

(when not specified)

Range

Min

Max

name

string

User-friendly name for a device

Yes


description

string

Description of a device

No


device_alias

string

Alphanumeric string to identify a device

Yes


enable boolean

Enabling/disabling of a device

No 1 0 1
protocol string

Protocol to be used

Yes
IEC 60870­-5-104 master
asdu_address integer Application Service Data Unit address Yes
0 65535
asdu_size integer Common address size in bytes No 2 1 3
time_sync_interval_sec integer Time frame between Time Synchronization
requests in seconds
No 60

gi_interval_sec integer

Time frame between General Interrogation requests in seconds.

If 0 requests are disabled

No 300



port integer TCP port Yes
0 65535
ioa_size integer Information object address (IOA) size in bytes No 3 1 3
swt integer Send window (SWT) Yes


rwt integer Receive window (RWT) Yes


cot_size integer Cause of transmission (COT) size in bytes No 2 1 2
ip string Host IP address (ipv4) Yes


t1

integer Acknowledge timeout t1 (sec) No 15

t2 integer Connection ACKRSN clock t2 (sec) No 10

t3 integer Connection TESTFR clock t3 (sec) No 20

originator integer Provides a means for a controlling station to explicitly identify itself No 0 0 255
IEC 60870­-5-­104 Master parameters for Signals
Parameter

Type

Description

Required

Default value

(when not specified)

Range

Min

Max

signal_name

string

User-friendly signal name

Yes


device_alias

string

Alphanumeric string to identify a device

Yes


signal_alias

string

Unique alphanumeric name of the signal to be Yes used

Yes


source_device_alias

string

device_alias of a source device

For commands


source_signal_alias

string

signal_alias of a source signal

For
commands



enable boolean

Enabling/disabling of an individual signal

No 1 0 1

log

integer

Allow signal to be logged. If log is 0 signal will not be logged. If log is more than 0 signal will be logged

No 0

gi boolean Including/excluding (1 or 0) signal from General Interrogation No 0 0 1
common_address integer Address of a destination device Yes


function integer Function number No 0

info_address integer Information object address Yes


data_type integer ASDU type identificator No


select_ms integer Time limit in milliseconds for command
execution. Command select has to be
performed before execution if this parameter is specified. Direct command execution can be performed only if this field is left empty or set to zero.
No 0

Debugging an IEC 60870-5-104 Master application

If the configuration for IEC 60870-5-104 devices is set up, the handler for the protocol will start automatically. If a configuration is missing or contains errors, the protocol will not start. It is done intentionally to decrease unnecessary memory usage.

If IEC 60870-5-104 does not work properly (e.g. no communication between devices, data is corrupted, etc.), a user can launch a debug session from the command-line interface and find out why the link is not functioning properly or use WCC Utility to do that.

To launch a debugging session, a user should stop the iec104-master process and run the iec104-master command with respective flags.

IEC 60870-­5­-104 command-line debugging options
-h [ –help ] Display help information 
-V [ –version ] Show version
-d<debug level> Set debugging level 
-c [ –config ] Config path
-r [ –raw ] Show raw telegram data
-f [ –frame ] Show frame data
­-e [ –redis ] Show redis message -R [ –readyfile ] Ready notification file

14.6 IEC 60870-5-104 Slave

IEC 60870-5-104 Slave is designed not to lose data acquired from Master protocols. The data that arrives from Master protocols is stored in the cache. This data is checked every second to manage further data sending. The data that leaves IEC 60870-5-104 Slave has output caches. They’re built to provide switching between multiple sessions (redundant SCADA). If a new connection arrives, the old one is dropped, but data, that is stored in a cache, not sent and not confirmed by SCADA is transferred to the new connection.

Configuring IEC 104 Slave datapoints

To use IEC 60870-­5­-104 Slave in WCC Lite, it has to be configured via an Excel configuration. This configuration contains two Excel sheets where parameters have to be filled in ­Devices and Signals.

IEC 60870-­5-­104 Slave parameters for Devices tab
Parameter

Type

Description

Required

Default value

(when not specified)

Range

Min

Max

name

string

User-friendly name for a device

Yes


description

string

Description of a device

No


device_alias

string

Alphanumeric string to identify a device

Yes


enable boolean

Enabling/disabling of a device

No 1 0 1
protocol string

Protocol to be used

Yes
IEC 60870­-5-104 slave
asdu_size integer Common address size in bytes No 2 1 2
time_sync boolean Enable/disable (1 or 0) time synchronization Yes


port integer TCP port No 2404 0 65535
ioa_size integer Information object address (IOA) size in bytes No 3 1 3
swt integer Send window (SWT) No 12

rwt integer Receive window (RWT) No 8

cot_size integer Cause of transmission (COT) size in bytes No 2 1 2
host string Space-separated remote host IP addresses (ipv4) Yes


bind_address string Bind to local IP address (ipv4) No 0.0.0.0

t1

integer Acknowledge timeout t1 (sec) No 15 1 255
t2 integer

Connection ACKRSN clock t2 (sec),

t2 should be less than t1

No 10 1 254
t3 integer Connection TESTFR clock t3 (sec) No 20 1 172800
message_size boolean The maximum length of a message Yes
0 255
cache_size integer Amount of data to be cached Yes
0 1000
tls boolean Enable/disable the use of TLS No 0 0 1
tls_local_certificate string Local certificate for TLS connection Yes (for TLS)


tls_peer_certificate string Certificate authority file for TLS connection No


tls_private_key string A file consisting of the private key for TLS connection No


command_timeout_ms integer Time to execute a command before responding negatively. No 30000 0
command_age_ms integer The amount of time shift allowed for the command to still be executed. No 0 0
IEC 60870­-5­-104 Slave parameters for Signals tab
Parameter

Type

Description

Required

Default value

(when not specified)

Range

Min

Max

signal_name

string

User-friendly signal name

Yes


device_alias

string

Alphanumeric string to identify a device

Yes


signal_alias

string

Unique alphanumeric name of the signal to be Yes used

Yes


source_device_alias

string

device_alias of a source device

For commands


source_signal_alias

string

signal_alias of a source signal

For
commands



enable boolean

Enabling/disabling of an individual signal

No 1 0 1

log

integer

Allow signal to be logged. If log is 0 signal will not be logged. If log is more than 0 signal will be logged

No 0 0 1
gi boolean Including/excluding (1 or 0) signal from General Interrogation No 0 0 1
common_address integer Address of a destination device Yes


info_address integer Information object address Yes


data_type integer ASDU type id. Yes

select_ms integer Time limit in milliseconds for command
execution. Command select has to be
performed before execution if this parameter is specified. Direct command execution can be performed only if this field is left empty or set to zero.
No 0

Debugging an IEC 60870-5-104 Slave application

If the configuration for IEC 60870-5-104 devices is set up, the handler for the protocol will start automatically. If a configuration is missing or contains errors, the protocol will not start. It is done intentionally to decrease unnecessary memory usage.

If IEC 60870-5-104 does not work properly (e.g. no communication between devices, data is corrupted, etc.), a user can launch a debug session from the command-line interface and find out why the link is not functioning properly or use WCC Utility to do that.

To launch a debugging session, a user should stop the iec104-slave process and run the iec104-slave command with respective flags.

IEC 60870-­5­-10 command-line debugging options
-h [ –help ] Display help information 
-V [ –version ] Show version
-d<debug level> Set debugging level 
-c [ –config ] Config path
-r [ –raw ] Show raw telegram data
-f [ –frame ] Show frame data
­-e [ –redis ] Show redis message -R [ –readyfile ] Ready notification file